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Research project
Art history

Armouring Maximilian Chivalry, tournament and the culture of the gift at the court of Maximilian

The Imperial Armoury at the Kunsthistorisches Museum houses the world’s largest collection of armour pieces from the time of Emperor Maximilian I (1459–1519). The research project, Armouring Maximilian, aims to offer a re-evaluation of this collection and the emperor’s armour commissions, highlighting their richly layered artistic, political, and social significance.

About the Project

The project focuses on the role of armour in tournaments and battles, as well as in courtly self-fashioning and diplomacy. For the first time, it brings together a wide range of sources in a systematic analysis: previously known archival documents alongside newly discovered ones, visual representations of armour from Maximilian I’s commemorative works (such as the Freydal), and extant armour pieces. Covering the entire spectrum of armour commissions – from mass-produced military items to luxurious custom-made pieces – the project also situates Maximilian’s patronage within a broader socio-cultural and geopolitical context, revealing its full complexity.

Another focus of research is the production and administration of weapons under Maximilian I. The richly illuminated inventories of his arsenals – the Zeugbuch der Grafschaft Tirol, Zeugbuch der österreichischen Länder, and Zeugbuch der Vorlande – offer unique insights into the field of armoury at his time. The art-historical analysis of these delicately illustrated parchment manuscripts and the weapons they depicted to aims to shed light on Maximilian’s self-promotional strategies as a warlord and sovereign.

Taken together, the project thus also maps the personal networks that shaped the culture of arms and armour around Maximilian tracing interactions between the emperor and a diverse cast of actors, including recipients of armour gifts, tournament participants, artists, armourers, and court officials.
 

Armouring Maximilian is a sub-project of the SFB project Managing Maximilian (acronym: ManMAX), which is funded by the FWF for an initial period of four years with over €4 million. ManMAX combines eight sub-projects at the Austrian Academy of Sciences, the University of Vienna, the University of Graz, the Albertina, and the Kunsthistorisches Museum. All subprojects will contribute to a new prosopographic database dedicated to the people at and around the court of Emperor Maximilian I.

Managing Maximilian Projekt

Project leader
Dr. Thomas Kuster

Project team

Alexandra Burger MA (30 hrs./week)
Sarah Deichstetter BA BA MA (10 hrs./week)
Andrea Singh Bottanova MA (8 hrs./week)
Dr. Stella Wisgrill (40 hrs., as of March 2026)
Reinhard Dobrezberger BA MA (20 hrs., as of March 2026)

Project duration
2023–2027

Subproject 02 of
Managing Maximilian (1493-1519) – Persona, Politics, and Personnel through the Lens of Digital Prosopography (Acronym: ManMAX), SFB F9200, project coordinator: PD Dr. Andreas Zajic, MAS.

Armouring Maximilian Blog

Armouring Maximilian Blog: Ein Geschützmodell mit Pfiff

Ein Geschützmodell mit Pfiff: Aktuelle Untersuchungen zur Lauerpfeif in der Hofjagd- und Rüstkammer.  Beitrag für den Projektblog von Alexandra Burger und Nils Unger.

Armouring Maximilian Blog: How Armourers Catered to the Fluctuating Sizes of their Customers?

How Armourers Catered to the Fluctuating Sizes of their Customers?
Beitrag von Rahul Kulka für den Projektblog von Armouring Maximilian.

Armouring Maximilian Blog: Maximilian Meets Monty Python

Maximilian Meets Monty Python: The “Last Knight” as a Master of Dirty Warfare. 
Beitrag von Alexandra Burger und Andreas Zajic für den Projektblog.

Workshop: Maximilianische Schlachtenbilder zwischen Fakt und Fiktion

10.–11.04.2025
Ort: Weltmuseum Wien
In einem zweitägigen Workshop wurden Fragen zur Produktion, Gestaltung und Rezeption von Schlachtenbildern aus der Zeit Maximilians erörtert.

Further research projects

Many research projects ask questions about historical contexts. They therefore go beyond a pure object history and aim for a broader, cultural-historical categorisation of collection items.